> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ctf.laet4x.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ctf.laet4x.com/ctf-2020/rootcon-recovery-mode/forensics-warm-up.md).
# Forensics (Warm Up)
Category: Forensics
Challenge: Warm Up
Points: 100
We are given a *.zip* file that contains ***challenge.raw*** file. Since this is a memory image file, I decided to use ***volatility*** tools for this challenge*.*
It worked! I get a suggested profile and confirmed that this is a memory image file.
Now let’s start solving the questions:
**Number 1**: ***What is the hostname of the source of this memory image?***
For this one, I dump the hives to get the offset where we will get the hostname:
Then I dump the registry key where the hostname is revealed.
Question number **2, 3, and 4** has the same goal which is to get the password of the users.
**What is the password of user Le?**
**What is the password of user Li?**
**What is the password of user S?**
I’m interested in the 2 offsets: SYSTEM (-y) and SAM (-s)
I use crackstation.net, an online password hash cracker to crack the password. I was able to crack the first user and the others.
Now let’s proceed to **Number 5, 6, and 7** which needs the IP Address and port of backdoor listening on.
**What is the attacker’s IP address?**
**What is the victim’s IP address?**
**Which port is the backdoor listening on?**
I run `connections` and `connscan` but it seems the profile does not support this command so I look for other solutions and found that we need to run `netscan` command. From there, I get the IP Address of the Attacker and Victim and port which is the backdoor listening on.
Now let’s proceed to questions **Number 8 to 13,** which takes me longer to solve. I won’t discuss the other steps I tried here. I’ll just go straight to the right solution. Since we are looking for malware I run `pslist` and `pstree` command. `pstree` uses the same technique as `pslist` but the result is based on the parent-child relationship between the processes.
For example, here we can see that `nc64.exe` started `cmd.exe` which in turn started the instances of `lsass.exe` and `svchost.exe.` So we search for commands and can be done using the`cmdline`
### Analysis:
1. The attacker run `nc64.exe`
2. Download the `lsass.exe` and the path is located at `C:\Users\samael\lsass.exe`
3. Execute the `lsass.exe` that's running on pid `1952`to download `svchost.exe`located at `C:\Users\samael\svchost.exe`
4. Execute the `svchost.exe` that's running on pid `2972`, the file is mimikatz upon analysis
I assume the `lsass.exe`is malware. I dump a process’s executable by using the `procdump` command and uploaded it to the virustotal.com. Few AV detected this as malware.
I use `memdump`, a simple analysis of these files can be done by using the “**strings**”, we are looking for a relation between the piece of information already retrieved from the dump (especially the opened TCP connection towards the `10.163.7.130` IP)
`strings 1952.dmp | grep -Fi “10.163.7.130” -C 5`
Look what I found, So it seems `lsass.exe`processes is to download a new file `svchost.exe`
I suspected that this file is malware. I run `procdump` again on pid `2972`and uploaded it to virustotal.com and look what I found?! Its **mimikatz!!!**
So now I identify all **process name** of malware running in lower and higher **pid** and the path.
*Number 8: **lsass.exe***
*Number 9: **1952***
*Number 10: **svchost.exe***
*Number 11: **2972***
*Number 12:**C:\Users\samael\lsass.exe***
*Number 13:**C:\Users\samael\svchost.exe***
Now we combine all the results and run **md5sum**
> printf ‘%s’ “RC-MINIONS\~darklighter\~97sunfire\~poisonthewell\~10.163.7.130\~10.163.7.100\~5900\~lsass.exe\~1952\~svchost.exe\~2972\~C:\Users\samael\lsass.exe\~C:\Users\samael\svchost.exe” | md5sum
Voila!!!
**rc14{81cd8971d7cdbf45d2cdf4c90fbaa339}**
## Conclusion
I would like to thanks my teammates (*Sai and Chris*). Thanks also to **ROOTCON** and **PWN DE MANILA** for the challenge.
I hope you guys enjoyed reading this write-up!
For references, you may look into these links:
1. Volatility Command Reference —
2.